Fig 1.
Pressure heatmaps of a (A) normal subject, (B) patient with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO), (C) patient with nutcracker esophagus (NC), and (D) patient with functional dysphagia. Note, that the amplitude of distension in patients is smaller and there is alteration in the temporal relationship between distension and contraction.
Fig 2.
Distension-contraction plots of the pressure and impedance measurements of Fig 1.
Both distension and contraction are displayed as waveforms in this figure. (A) normal subject, (B) patient with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO), (C) patient with nutcracker esophagus (NC) and (D) patient with functional dysphagia. Note, that the amplitude of distension in patients is smaller and there is alteration in the temporal relationship between distension and contraction.
Fig 3.
Schematic of distension contraction patterns along the length of the esophagus in, (A) normal subject, (B) patient with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO), (C) patient with nutcracker esophagus (NC), and (D) patient with functional dysphagia. (same swallows from Figs 1 and 2). Note, that the amplitude of distension in patients is smaller and there is alteration in the temporal relationship between distension and contraction waveform.
Fig 4.
Boxplots of the distension contraction parameters in controls (normal subjects) and 3 patient groups: EGJOO = esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, NC = nutcracker esophagus, FD = functional dysphagia.
(A) time difference between the onset of swallow and distension amplitude, (B) time between the onset of swallow and peak contraction amplitude, (C) peak distension amplitude, (D) peak contraction amplitude, (E) Area under the curve (AUC) of distension and (F) AUC of pressure. Means are displayed as circles.
Fig 5.
Classification results from 10-fold cross validation, using combination of single and paired (best performing) features.
In the tables, EGJOO group has been denoted by EOG. Note, confusion matrix has been sorted by class-wise recall (true positive rate) in columns, and (row-wise) by class-wise precision (positive predictive value).
Fig 6.
Dysphagia scores in 3 group of patients are not different.
EGJOO = esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, FD = functional dysphagia, and NC = nutcracker esophagus.