Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
Table 2.
Median (IQR) temporal-spatial data for able-bodied and SCI ReWalkTM gait.
(Mann Whitney U tests, significance set at 95%, Cliff’s delta effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals).
Fig 1.
Sagittal and frontal plane hip and sagittal plane knee and ankle joint angles of the ReWalkTM, able-bodied and SCI individuals.
Data averaged across both limbs. The gait cycle commences and terminates with ipsilateral foot contact. Flexion, dorsiflexion and adduction are positive.
Table 3.
Median (IQR) lower limb peak kinematic values and joint range of motion (ROM) for able-bodied and SCI ReWalkTM gait (degrees).
(Kruskall-Wallis H test, significance set at 95%, Dunn’s post-hoc test and Cliff’s delta effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals).
Fig 2.
Trunk and pelvis segment excursions in the (A) sagittal, (B) frontal and (C) transverse planes for able-bodied and SCI individuals. The gait cycle commences and terminates with ipsilateral foot contact. Internal rotation is transverse rotation in an anterior direction with the side of the body defined by the lead limb at commencement of the gait cycle.
Table 4.
Median (IQR) trunk and pelvis kinematic values and joint range of motion (ROM) for able-bodied and SCI ReWalkTM gait (degrees).
(Mann Whitney U tests, significance set at 95%, Cliff’s delta effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals).
Fig 3.
Centre of mass displacement (% leg length) of able-bodied and SCI individuals in the (A) medial-lateral and (B) vertical directions. Medial-lateral displacement data were exposed to a Euclidian correction factor to facilitate a change of sign as movement direction changed. The gait cycle commences and terminates with ipsilateral foot contact. IR = internal rotation and ER = external rotation.
Table 5.
Median (IQR) centre of mass displacement values for able-bodied and SCI ReWalkTM gait (% leg length).
(Mann Whitney U tests, significance set at 95%, Cliff’s delta effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals).
Fig 4.
(A) Medial-lateral, (B) anterior-posterior and (C) vertical ground reaction forces of able-bodied and SCI individuals. Data were normalised to body mass and ReWalkTM mass (N/kg). The gait cycle commences and terminates with ipsilateral foot contact. (A) Lateral and (B) anterior propulsion forces are positive.
Table 6.
Median (IQR) peak ground reaction forces (N/kg) and load/decay rates (N/kg/s) for able-bodied and SCI ReWalkTM gait.
(Mann Whitney U tests, significance set at 95%, Cliff’s delta effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals).