Fig 1.
Trends in weighted incidence of electric scooter-related injuries seen in emergency departments in the United States from 2014 to 2019 by selected age groups [4].
Table 1.
A summary on e-scooter-related types of accidents, injuries percentages and helmet use, NR—Not reported.
Fig 2.
Scooter-to-B-pillar impact—Physical experiment depicted in 25 ms intervals; authors’ illustration based on published fka company materials [18].
Fig 3.
The approach used for the study was based on reverse engineering and coupled LS-DYNA with MADYMO codes.
Table 2.
The material model for aluminum 6061 used for the scooter.
Table 3.
The numerical components, their physical properties and applied numerical approach for the study.
Fig 4.
Impact scenarios: a) Bonnet impact b) side impact B-pillar upright position c) side B-pillar squat position d) symmetrical frontal impact.
Fig 5.
Dummy kinematics in the side bonnet scenario—The dummy’s resultant displacement in [mm], time in [s].
Fig 6.
Dummy kinematics in the B-pillar, up-right scenario—The dummy’s resultant displacement in [mm], time in [s].
Fig 7.
Dummy kinematics in the B-pillar, squat scenario—The dummy’s resultant displacement in [mm], time in [s].
Fig 8.
Dummy kinematics in the frontal scenario—The dummy’s resultant displacement in [mm], time in [s].
Fig 9.
The plot of the head linear acceleration and its magnitude for the analyzed scenarios.