Fig 1.
Examples of the cartoon female and character faces used as stimuli.
Faces were presented on a gray background. The cartoon character face stimuli used in the experiment were different from the images in Fig 1. Because of the copyright, we used other character faces here, instead of the “ANPANMAN.” For details of the cartoon character face stimuli, see the Materials and Methods section in Experiment 1.
Fig 2.
Preference scores for cartoon female face (vs. cartoon character face) in upright and inverted conditions (Experiment 1).
A preference for a cartoon female face indicates above chance (50%), and a preference for cartoon character face indicates below chance. Error bars represent standard error.
Fig 3.
In each trial, the baseline period consisted of the presentation of the images of five cartoon vegetables. The duration of the baseline period was at least 10 s. The test period consisted of the presentation the images of five cartoon female faces and cartoon character faces. The duration of the test period was 5 s. The presentation order was altered for test periods 1 and 2 for each infant. The cartoon character face stimuli used in the experiment were different from the images in Fig 3. Because of the copyright, we used other character faces here, instead of the “ANPANMAN”.
Fig 4.
Locations of the measurement channels.
The probes were placed on the left and right temporal areas centering at T5 and T6 of the international 10–20 system. The blue circles represent for detector, and the red circles represent for emitter. Each number correspond to the measurement channels.
Fig 5.
The time course of average oxy-Hb concentration during the cartoon female and cartoon character face conditions in each of the 24 channels.
The blue line in the graph represents the mean Z score in the cartoon female face condition, and the red line represents that in the cartoon character face condition. On the horizontal axis, 0 represents the beginning of the test period and 5 represents the end of the test period. The shaded area represents the zone for the statical analysis, the last 1 s of the test period. In 23 channel, the concentration of oxy-Hb in cartoon female face condition were significantly greater than chance level of 0 and that in cartoon character face condition. *p < 0.05.