Fig 1.
Share of history journal articles and dissertations written by women.
Fig 1 shows the percent of journal articles and dissertations written by women using a five-year moving average to smooth out spikes. In 1982, women wrote 31% of all history dissertations. Women, however, published only 20% of journal articles. Even though women continue on an upward trajectory of dissertation writing, men continue proportionately to publish more articles. In 2010, women accounted for 46% of dissertations but only 37% of journal articles.
Fig 2.
Gender variations in research topics for journal articles, 1951–2014.
Fig 3.
The terms “women” and “gender” in journal articles.
Fig 4.
The “women and gender” topic broadened significantly after 1990.
This figure shows the stacked term frequencies of the 10 terms most overrepresented in the “women and gender” topic from 1990 to 2009 compared to 1970 to 1989. A stacked display means that the frequencies are displayed one on top of the other. The term frequency of “African,” for example, does not start at the zero line but rather on top of the “race/racial” line.
Fig 5.
Mainstreaming women and gender into history.
Fig 6.
Stacked term frequency chart for “sexuality”.
Fig 7.
Jensen-Shannon distance between men and women.
Table 1.
Gender of primary advisor/advisee pairings.
Table 2.
Weights for the “women and gender” topic.
Fig 8.
Demographics of women PhDs, by ethnicity.
These categories are consistent with the categories used by the US Census and the NSF’s Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) [19]). However, before the 1990s, “multiracial” was not available as a category on the SED, and multiracial people were listed under “other.” Today, only Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) fall in the “other” category. As such, for the US Census numbers listed above, we included the statistic for NHOPI with “other”.