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Fig 1.

PRISMA flow diagram of the review process.

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Table 1.

Study characteristics.

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Table 1 Expand

Table 2.

Risk of bias—ROB II Cochrane tool.

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Table 3.

Therapeutic quality of exercise program (i-CONTENT tool).

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Fig 2.

Forest plot (re-injury prevalence: Usual care vs exercise-based intervention).

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Fig 3.

Forest plot (reinjury incidence: Usual care vs exercise-based intervention).

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Fig 4.

Patient-reported outcomes (usual care vs exercise-based rehabilitation).

Abbreviations: UC = usual care; EB = exercise-based rehabilitation; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; LEFS = Lower extremity function score; FAOS = Foot and ankle outcome score; PRI: Pain rating index; VAS = Visual analogue scale; PPI = Present pain index. * Significant difference (p < .05).

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Fig 5.

Clinical outcomes (usual care vs exercise-based rehabilitation).

Abbreviations: UC = usual care; EB = exercise-based rehabilitation; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; ID = Isokinetic dynamometer; JPS = Joint position sense; ROM = Range of motion. * Significant difference (p < .05).

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Fig 6.

Forest plot (re-injury prevalence: Usual exercise-based vs experimental exercise-based).

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Fig 6 Expand

Fig 7.

Forest plot (re-injury incidence: Usual exercise-based vs experimental exercise-based).

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Fig 7 Expand

Fig 8.

Patient-reported outcomes (usual exercise-based vs experimental exercise-based).

Abbreviations: U-EB = Usual exercise-based rehabilitation; E-EB = Experimental exercise-based rehabilitation; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; FADI = Foot and ankle disability index; FOAS = Foot and ankle outcome score. * Significant difference (p < .05).

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