Fig 1.
PRISMA flow diagram of the review process.
Table 1.
Study characteristics.
Table 2.
Risk of bias—ROB II Cochrane tool.
Table 3.
Therapeutic quality of exercise program (i-CONTENT tool).
Fig 2.
Forest plot (re-injury prevalence: Usual care vs exercise-based intervention).
Fig 3.
Forest plot (reinjury incidence: Usual care vs exercise-based intervention).
Fig 4.
Patient-reported outcomes (usual care vs exercise-based rehabilitation).
Abbreviations: UC = usual care; EB = exercise-based rehabilitation; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; LEFS = Lower extremity function score; FAOS = Foot and ankle outcome score; PRI: Pain rating index; VAS = Visual analogue scale; PPI = Present pain index. * Significant difference (p < .05).
Fig 5.
Clinical outcomes (usual care vs exercise-based rehabilitation).
Abbreviations: UC = usual care; EB = exercise-based rehabilitation; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; ID = Isokinetic dynamometer; JPS = Joint position sense; ROM = Range of motion. * Significant difference (p < .05).
Fig 6.
Forest plot (re-injury prevalence: Usual exercise-based vs experimental exercise-based).
Fig 7.
Forest plot (re-injury incidence: Usual exercise-based vs experimental exercise-based).
Fig 8.
Patient-reported outcomes (usual exercise-based vs experimental exercise-based).
Abbreviations: U-EB = Usual exercise-based rehabilitation; E-EB = Experimental exercise-based rehabilitation; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; FADI = Foot and ankle disability index; FOAS = Foot and ankle outcome score. * Significant difference (p < .05).