Fig 1.
Definition of abbreviations: AdaBoost, adaptive boosting; AUC, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; kNN, k-nearest neighbors; LIME, local interpretable model-agnostic explanations; XGBoost, extreme gradient boosting.
Table 1.
Basic characteristics of girls who underwent the GnRHa stimulation test in discovery and testing data set.
Fig 2.
ROC curves of different algorithms in the training dataset.
Predictive model included baseline characteristics and blood sampling 30 mins post-stimulation in the training dataset. Definition of abbreviations: AUC, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC); kNN, k-nearest neighbors; AdaBoost, adaptive boosting; XGBoost, extreme gradient boosting.
Table 2.
Model performance of different algorithms in the training dataset (n = 432).
Fig 3.
This figure lists the relative importance of baseline characteristics and 30-minute post-stimulated gonadotropin levels in the developed machine learning-based model for the CPP diagnosis in girls. Definition of abbreviations: BA-CA, the difference between the bone age and the chronological age; BMI, body mass index; E2, basal estradiol; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone.
Fig 4.
Comparison of the performance of the three-variable proposed model in a different dataset.
Definition of abbreviations: NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.
Fig 5.
AUC values of predictive models in a different time point in the training dataset.
Model performance of the 14-variable proposed model (A) and three-variable model (B) at 0 min, 30th min, 60th min, and 120th min post-stimulation in the training dataset. Definition of abbreviation: AUC, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Fig 6.
Performance metrics of and three-variable predictive model in the internal and external dataset.
Model performance of the three-variable model was evaluated at 0 min, 30th min, 60th min, and 120th min post-stimulation in the internal and external dataset. Definition of abbreviations: NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.
Fig 7.
LIME analysis in different populations.
LIME analysis for Vietnamese girls (A, B) and Taiwanese girls (C, D) according to positive and negative responses. Definition of abbreviations: BA-CA, the difference between the bone age and the chronological age; Basal_LH, luteinizing hormone level at baseline; CPP, central precocious puberty; LH30, luteinizing hormone level 30 min after stimulation.