Table 1.
Classification of common infectious diseases by the Japanese surveillance system.
Table 2.
The incidence of common infectious diseases in 2020 and 2019 based on transmission routes.
Fig 1.
Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases in Japan.
The figure is based on the domestic infection status officially released by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan [7].
Fig 2.
Current epidemic curves of common infectious diseases in 2020 compared with those in 2019.
(a) Common infectious diseases under the national sentinel surveillance. (b) Common infectious diseases under the national notifiable disease surveillance. Each left vertical axis represents the number of patients referred to one medical facility per week per selected time point (a) or the total number of cases per week reported (b). Each right vertical axis and gray bars () indicate the total number of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases per week reported in Japan. The blue lines () indicate the 2019 epidemic curves. The scarlet thin lines () indicate the 2020 epidemic curve. The moving average lines were applied to the column graph of COVID-19 incidence (gray tick line) and to the incidence curve of 2020 (scarlet tick line) of each common infectious disease. The “week” along the x-axis indicates the epidemiological week. Data on COVID-19 were obtained from surveillance data by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan [8]. Data on common infectious diseases were obtained from the Infectious Diseases Weekly Reports from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan [8].
Fig 3.
Epidemic curves of common infectious diseases classified according to the transmission routes.
The blue thin lines () indicate the epidemic curves during 2015–2019. The scarlet thin lines () indicate the 2020 epidemic curves. The moving average lines were applied to the incidence curve of 2020 (scarlet tick line) and 2015–2019 (blue tick line) of each common infectious disease. Data were obtained from the Infectious Diseases Weekly Reports from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan [8].
Fig 4.
Difference-in-differences value in 2020 vs. that in 2015–2019 (95% credible interval for droplet transmitted disease).
A negative 95% credible interval indicates fewer cases in the 2020 than in the 5 previous years (p<0.05). Ctrl: credible interval.
Fig 5.
Changes in the total number of outpatients that are shown compared with the same month last year.