Fig 1.
Procedure of the present study.
Fig 2.
Examples of the 28 prototypical reference portraits of the basic affects happiness (child, male), anger (child, female), happiness (adult, male) and anger (adult, female) (from left to right).
Table 1.
Rating of intensity of each basic affect and index of difficulty (range 0 to 5; difference between the highest affect rating and the added four other affect ratings) of the 104 individual affect expressive portraits of children and their distribution to the final 7 cluster.
Table 2.
Values of intensity, difficulty index (DI; range 0 to 5; difference between the highest affect rating and the added four other affect ratings) and hit rates (HR; in %) of the 24 assessed affect prototypical reference pictures.
Fig 3.
Hit rates of the affect prototypical reference pictures of the six basic affects of male and female adults and children.
The error bars represent standard deviations. Since all participants recognized the portraits “happiness male / female adult”, “sadness female adult” and “surprise male adult” 100% correctly, the standard deviations were 0.
Fig 4.
Mean intensity of the intended affect for adults’ and children’s affect expressive faces.
The error bars represent the standard deviation. Significant post hoc tests of adults’ and children’s faces (not seperated per sex) are presented as following * < .05.
Fig 5.
Comparison of the ratings of intensity regarding authenticity of the presented adults’ and children’s affect expressive faces.
The error bars represent the standard deviation. * = p < .05.
Fig 6.
Comparison of the ratings of intensity regarding likeability of the presented adults’ and children’s affect expressive faces.
The error bars represent the standard deviation. * = p < .05.
Fig 7.
EMG-activity (N = 43) of m. zygomaticus [μVx100ms] of healthy observers in response to the presented videoclips displaying the facial expression of happiness naturalistic evolving from a neutral face of the female respective male reference portrait; software based (AFFDEX/iMotions) affect detection probability values [%] of the same presented stimuli; measurement interval for both procedures 3000ms.
m.zyg. (woman) = EMG-activity of musculus zygomaticus in response to the adult female face video. m.zyg. (man) = EMG-activity of musculus zygomaticus in response to the adult male face video. iMotions (woman) = software based affect detection probability [%] in response to the adult female face video. iMotions (man) = software based affect detection probability [%] in response to the adult male face video. The yellow (man) and grey (woman) lines are superposed within this graph because of a nearly similar time course.
Fig 8.
EMG-activity (N = 43) of m. zygomaticus [μVx100ms] of healthy observers in response to the presented videoclips displaying the facial expression of happiness naturalistic evolving from a neutral face of the girl’s respective boy’s reference portrait; software based (AFFDEX/iMotions) affect detection probability values [%] of the same presented stimuli; measurement interval for both procedures 3000ms.
m.zyg. (girl) = EMG-activity of musculus zygomaticus in response to the girl’s face video. m.zyg. (boy) = EMG-activity of musculus zygomaticus in response to the boy’s face video. iMotions (girl) = software based affect detection probability [%] in response to the girl’s face video. iMotions (boy) = software based affect detection probability [%] in response to the boy’s face video. The yellow (boy) and grey (girl) lines are superposed in part within this graph because of a partly similar time course.
Fig 9.
EMG-activity (N = 43) of m. corrugator [μVx100ms] of healthy observers in response to the presented videoclips displaying the facial expression of anger naturalistic evolving from a neutral face of the female respective male reference portrait; software based (AFFDEX/iMotions) affect detection probability values [%] of the same presented stimuli; measurement interval for both procedures 3000ms.
m.cor. (woman) = EMG-activity of musculus corrugator in response to the adult female face video. m.cor. (man) = EMG-activity of musculus corrugator in response to the adult male face video. iMotions (woman) = software based affect detection probability [%] in response to the adult female face video. iMotions (man) = software based affect detection probability [%] in response to the adult male face video.
Fig 10.
EMG-activity (N = 43) of m. corrugator [μVx100ms] of healthy observers in response to the presented videoclips displaying the facial expression of anger naturalistic evolving from a neutral face of the girl’s respective boy’s reference portrait; software based (AFFDEX/iMotions) affect detection probability values [%] of the same presented stimuli; measurement interval for both procedures 3000ms.
m.cor. (girl) = EMG-activity of musculus corrugator in response to the girl’s face video. m.cor. (boy) = EMG-activity of musculus corrugator in response to the boy’s face video. iMotions (girl) = software based affect detection probability [%] in response to the girl’s face video. iMotions (boy) = software based affect detection probability [%] in response to the boy’s face video.