Fig 1.
Ocular surface appearances in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN).
At the acute phase, conjunctivitis (a), ocular surface epithelial defect (b), and/or pseudomembrane formation (c) arise in cases with ocular involvement. At the chronic phase, corneal neovascularization and opacification (d), keratinization (e), and symblepharon (f) develop as ocular sequelae.
Fig 2.
Diagram showing the multi-state model of acute ocular severity progression in the SJS/TEN patients in this study.
The arrows indicate the changes among the three states. The numbers next to each arrow indicate the number of cases. The white rectangular box on the left-hand side shows the initial state prior to disease onset. Asterisks indicate the following events of transition shown in Table 6; * = transition from none to mild, ** = transition from none to severe / very severe, and *** = transition from mild to severe / very severe.
Fig 3.
Elapsed time from the date of SJS/TEN onset to initial ophthalmological examination.
The grey bars indicate the patients who underwent ophthalmological examination within 30 days post disease onset.
Table 1.
The change of acute ocular severity.
Acute ocular severity at initial presentation was graded as acute ocular severity at worst-condition follow-up visit.
Table 2.
Patient characteristics.
Table 3.
Correlation between outcomes or ocular sequelae and acute ocular severity score at worst-condition follow-up visit.
Table 4.
Outcomes and ocular sequelae of the patients in whom the time from disease onset to the initial ophthalmological examination was within 30 days but the period of elapsed time from initial presentation to worst-condition follow-up visit was more than 30 days.
Table 5.
Outcomes and ocular sequelae of the patients in whom the period of elapsed time from disease onset to the initial ophthalmological examination was more than 30 days.
Table 6.
HRs and 95% CIs for prognostic factors of each transition by multi-state model analysis.
Fig 4.
Stacked prediction probabilities of acute ocular severity in SJS/TEN patients stratified by age categories and with or without exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
(a) Age 45 and over with no exposure to NSAIDs. (b) Age 45 and over with exposure to NSAIDs. (c) Age under 45 with no exposure to NSAIDs. (d) Age under 45 with exposure to NSAIDs.