Fig 1.
Illustrating the study area map on the northern Pakistan.
Fig 2.
Monthly maximum, mean, minimum temperature (0C) and total precipitation (mm) in the northern Pakistan.
Table 1.
Dendrochronological statistics of the Q.incanna of three study sites.
Fig 3.
(A) The tree-ring width chronology 1700 to 2019 of site one. (B) Showing the tree-ring width of second site. The gray color represents the sample depth.
Fig 4.
Showing Person correlation coefficients between tree-ring index of Q. incanna monthly total precipitation and PDSI (1960–2016).
Significant correlations (p<0.05) are denoted by asterisks.
Fig 5.
Illustrating the relationship of tree-ring width measurement with observed scPDSI for the period of 1960–2014.
Fig 6.
May-August scPDSI reconstruction for northern area in Pakistan, for the period 1750–2014 along with 11-year low pass filter, mean of the long-term reconstruction illustrated by light pink color of mean ± .5 standard deviation.
Fig 7.
The MTM spectrum analysis of the scPDSI from 1700 to 2019.
Red and blue line represents the 95% and 99% confidence level, respectively.
Fig 8.
The wavelet transform from Mar-Feb during 1700 to 2019.