Table 1.
Number of books for each variable of interest.
Fig 1.
Proportion of (A) books authored by females compared to males, (B) non-fiction books compared to fiction books, (C) books targeted to older children (ages 9+) compared to younger children, (D) books featuring human protagonists compared to non-human protagonists.
Individual points reflect proportion estimates for each year. Shaded regions show standard errors of binomial logistic regression model fits.
Fig 2.
Change in the proportion of male protagonists across the 60-year publication period.
Individual points reflect proportion estimates for each year. The dotted line at 0.5 denotes parity. The shaded region shows the standard error of the binomial logistic regression model fit.
Fig 3.
Ratio of male to female protagonists across all variables of interest: (A) author gender, (B) character type, (C) genre, and (D) target audience.
The dotted line reflects parity (1:1 male-to-female ratio). Error bars denote 95% confidence intervals for ratio estimates.
Fig 4.
Proportion of male protagonists as a function of: (A) author gender and age of the target audience, (B) author gender and character type, (C) genre and character type, and (D) genre and age of the target audience.
The dotted line at 0.5 denotes parity. Error bars denote 95% confidence intervals for proportion estimates.
Fig 5.
Proportion of male protagonists over time as a function of: (A) author gender (male vs. female) and age of the target audience (younger children: 0–8 years vs. older children: 9+ years), (B) author gender and character type (human vs. non-human), (C) genre (fiction vs. non-fiction) and character type, and (D) genre and target audience.
The dotted line at 0.5 denotes parity. The shaded regions show standard errors of binomial logistic regression model fits.