Fig 1.
A wild juvenile Asian mountain pit viper (O. monticola) found in Northern Thailand.
The venom of O. monticola was extracted and kept in individual 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tubes. After weighing, the fresh (liquid) venom was immediately frozen at -20°C and lyophilized. The lyophilized venom was then pooled and stored at -20°C until use.
Table 1.
Biological and geographical data for all snakes used in the study.
Fig 2.
Venomics of Asian mountain pit viper O. monticola from Thailand.
(A) Coomassie blue-stained 12% SDS-PAGE of O. monticola venom (30 μg) under reducing conditions. (B) Proteome classification of O. monticola venom; percentages indicate relative abundance (% of total venom proteins) of protein family in snake venom.
Table 2.
Fifteen most abundant unique proteins identified in Ovophis monticola venom.
Fig 3.
Immunoreactivity of O. monticola venom to antivenoms.
Cross-reactivity of crude O. monticola venom to monovalent antivenom raised against green pit viper venom and polyvalent antivenom against snake hemotoxins. Data represent the mean ± SEM from two independent experiments; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001.
Fig 4.
The 2DE separations and immunoblot analysis of O. monticola venom.
(A) 2DE gels stained with silver stain; (B) 2D immunoblot of O. monticola proteins probed with monovalent antivenom and (C) polyvalent antivenom. Matched spots selected for subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis are marked and numbered.
Table 3.
List of identified proteins in Ovophis monticola venom immunologically reactive with monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms.
Table 4.
List of non-immunoreactive proteins/peptides in Ovophis monticola venom.