Fig 1.
Kinetic effects of single laser resurfacing treatment on gene expression.
A) Dendrogram displaying hierarchical clustering of genes by average log2 fold change that were significantly changed at any one time point compared to baseline untreated samples (n = 15,067 total). B-D) Dendrograms of select gene clusters from A) showing kinetic dysregulation from early (B, days 1–3), early-to-mid (C, days 3–7), and mid-to-late (D, days 14–28) time points following single laser resurfacing treatment.
Table 1.
Kinetic effects of laser resurfacing treatment(s) on gene expression in human skin.
Table 2.
Stress and immune response biological pathways associated with laser resurfacing kinetics.
Table 3.
Epidermal-related biological pathways associated with laser resurfacing kinetics.
Table 4.
Dermal-related biological pathways associated with laser resurfacing kinetics.
Table 5.
Top 20 molecular functions and system development process annotations associated with day 28 post-laser resurfacing treatment (by Fisher’s p-value).
Fig 2.
Single laser resurfacing treatment stimulates signaling pathways associated with wound repair.
A) Activation of ephrin receptor signaling at early (days 1–3) time points following single laser resurfacing treatment. Dendrogram shows clustering of genes (n = 52) involved in the ephrin receptor signaling pathway by average log2 fold change compared to baseline untreated samples. B) Activation of the HOTAIR regulatory pathway at mid-to-late (days 14–28) time points following single laser resurfacing treatment. Dendrogram shows clustering of genes (n = 12) involved in the HOTAIR regulatory pathway by average log2 fold change compared to baseline untreated samples. Color scales for z-scores indicate predicted low/inhibition (blue) to high/activation (orange) states for each pathway at a given time point. Color scale for–log10 p-value reflect low (white) to high (red) significance for each pathway at a given time point.
Table 6.
Canonical signaling pathways associated with laser resurfacing kinetics.
Fig 3.
Laser resurfacing treatment reverses age-related gene expression changes.
A) Venn diagram depicting the overlap in statistically significant genes altered at 28 days post-laser resurfacing and in facial epidermis between 50-year-olds and 20-year-olds described in Kimball et al., 2018. B) Log2 fold change (FC) plot and Pearson correlation for the overlapping genes from A). C) Venn diagram depicting the overlap in statistically significant genes in the laser resurfacing single-treatment kinetic signature and in facial epidermis between 50-year-olds and 20-year-olds described in Kimball et al., 2018. D) Log2 fold change (FC) plot and Pearson correlation for the overlapping genes from C).
Fig 4.
Activation of multiple collagen-related pathways by day 28 post-treatment.
A) Bar chart showing top 5 molecular functions and system development processes associated with the day 28 gene signature (by–log10 Fisher’s p-value). B) Network of shared genes across select collagen-related pathways associated with day 28 gene signature (from Table 6). C) Dendrogram displaying hierarchical clustering of shared collagen pathways across single laser resurfacing treatments (vs. baseline untreated samples) and in facial dermis of 50-year-olds vs. 20-year-olds described in Kimball et al., 2018, by log2 fold change.
Fig 5.
Effects of multiple laser resurfacing treatments over time on gene expression.
A) Dendrogram displaying hierarchical clustering of genes by average log2 fold change that were significantly changed at any multiple-treatment sites compared to the single-treatment site (n = 5,795 total). B-C) Dendrograms of select gene clusters differentially regulated from 2–4 laser resurfacing treatments (B) or continuously upregulated with increasing number of treatments (C). D-E) Profile plots showing normalized expression values (±SEM) of COL1A1 (D) and NR4A1 (E) across the different number of treatments over time.