Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics.
Table 2.
Patients delirium duration, coma, length of stay, mortality, and glasgow outcome scale*.
Fig 1.
Cox adjusted survival curve for 2.5-years survival post-ICU admission according to the presence or absence of delirium during hospitalization (ICU + hospital wards; N = 154). The estimated adjusted survival rates at 2.5 years post-ICU admission were 77% for the no delirium cohort vs 54% for the delirium cohort, equating to a 23% survival difference between the two cohorts. This dataset includes 154 patients only as medication data is missing in five of the original 159 patients. Covariates adjusted for include age, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, APACHE II score, and mean daily doses of dexmedetomidine (mcg/kg), opiate (mcg/kg), propofol (mg/kg), and benzodiazepine (mg/kg).
Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis: Predictors of mortality 2.5 years after ICU admission in mechanically ventilated ICU patients (N = 159)*.
Fig 2.
Survival according to delirium burden (DB).
Cox adjusted survival curve for 2.5-years survival post-ICU admission according to DB during hospital stay (i.e. ICU + hospital wards) (N = 154). DB is categorized into low (N = 53), medium (N = 50) and high (N = 51) DB groups, which in turn represent the low-, middle-, and high- tertile groups for DB, respectively. DB ranges from 0.00 to 1.00 and is calculated by dividing the number of delirium days patients experienced delirium over the number of days patients were assessed for delirium. Low, medium, and high DB groups represent DB ranging from 0.00–0.111 (i.e. low tertile), >0.111–0.474 (middle-tertile), >0.474–1.000 (high-tertile), respectively. The estimated adjusted survival rates at 2.5 years post-ICU admission were 67%, 65%, and 44% for the low, medium, and high DB cohorts, respectively. This dataset includes 154 patients only as medication data is missing in five of the original 159 patients. Covariates adjusted for include age, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, APACHE II score, and mean daily doses of dexmedetomidine (mcg/kg), opiate (mcg/kg), propofol (mg/kg), and benzodiazepine (mg/kg).
Fig 3.
Distribution of scores on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).
A measure of functional neurological outcome, at hospital discharge and 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after hospital discharge according to the presence or absence of delirium during hospital stay (i.e. ICU + hospital wards) (N = 159) (A.—D.) and in-hospital delirium burden (DB) (N = 107) (E.—H.) in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients. The GOS is a global 5-point scale for functional neurological outcome that rates patient status into one of five categories: 1, Dead; 2, Persistent Vegetative State; 3, Severe Disability; 4, Moderate Disability or 5, Good Recovery. In-hospital delirium burden ranges from 0.00 to 1.00 and is calculated by dividing the number of in-hospital (ICU + hospital wards) delirium days patients experienced delirium over the number of days patients were assessed for delirium. Low and high DB groups correspond to the low-tertile (N = 54, DB 0.000–0.111) and high-tertile (N = 53, DB >0.468–1.000) DB groups, respectively. The numbers in the bars are percentages of patients who had each score. The percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding. The list of the number of patients according to their delirium status with each GOS score are provided in S2 Table.
Table 4.
Multivariate ordinal regression analysis: Delirium burden and acute brain dysfunction Burden as predictors of functional neurological outcome, as assessed by the Glasgow outcome scale¥, at discharge, and 3, 6, and 12 months post-discharge in mechanically ventilated ICU patients (N = 154).