Fig 1.
Distribution of the participating obstetrics/gynecology hospitals.
The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of hospitals.
Fig 2.
Representative fundus photographs of newborns with retinal hemorrhages.
(A) Minimal retinal hemorrhage. (B) Mild retinal hemorrhage. (C) Moderate retinal hemorrhages. (D) Severe retinal hemorrhages with vitreous hemorrhage. (E) Optic nerve involvement of the hemorrhages. (F) Macular involvement of the hemorrhages.
Table 1.
Grading scales of retinal hemorrhagesa.
Table 2.
Demographics of newborns with and without retinal hemorrhages.
Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors related to retinal hemorrhages.
Table 4.
Demographics of newborns according to the severity of retinal hemorrhages.
Table 5.
Agreement of the inter-eye severity of retinal hemorrhages.
Table 6.
Characteristics of eyes with retinal hemorrhages according to severity.
Fig 3.
Atypical features of newborns with retinal hemorrhages.
(A) Subhyaloid hemorrhages with tortuous retinal vessels. (B) Retinal hemorrhages with vessel anomalies. (C) Vitreous hemorrhage with optic nerve involvement. (D) Sectoral retinal hemorrhages. (E) Subretinal hemorrhages. (F) Dense vitreous hemorrhage with macular involvement.
Fig 4.
Representative fundus photographs of eyes with persistent retinal hemorrhages during follow-up.
(A1-D1) Fundus photographs of RHs at birth. (A2-D2) Photographs from the follow-up examination at 1 month after birth. (A3-D3) Photographs from the follow-up examination at 2 months after birth. RH: retinal hemorrhages.