Table 1.
Details of primers used in the study.
Fig 1.
Validating the specificity of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthan primers in A. Non-infected (NI) and Infected Gossypium hirusutum; B. Non-viruliferous (NV) and Viruliferous (V) Bemisia tabaci; Relative amount of CLCuMuV-Ra in B. tabaci, C. n = 5 males and 5 females, D. n = 20 males and 20 females; E. Relative amount of sucrose diet fed by male and female whiteflies (n = 50), the control bar represents the diet loss due to evaporation. The fluid loss assay on water sensitive paper represented by number of blue dots shows the qualitative estimation of excretion by male and females (n = 25). The expression level (A-D) was normalized with B. tabaci β-tubulin as housekeeping gene. The error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3) and *represents significant differences (P ≤ 0.05, Student’s t-test).
Fig 2.
A. Early vein thickening in cotton plant after inoculation with viruliferous male and female whiteflies; B. Typical curling and enation in cotton after infection with viruliferous females; C. Downward curling in cotton plant after inoculating with viruliferous females; D. Symptomless or delayed symptoms in cotton plants after infection with viruliferous male; E. Relative amount of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthanin host plant normalized with histone 3 as housekeeping gene for G. hirsutum. The error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3) and *represents significant differences (P ≤ 0.05, Student’s t-test).
Fig 3.
Relative amount of Arsenophonus in, A. viruliferous and non-viruliferous whitefly, B. Tetracycline fed females and males; C. Relative titer of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthanin tetracycline fed female and male whiteflies. The expression level was normalized using B. tabaciβ-tubulin as housekeeping gene. The error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3) and *represents significant differences among male and female whiteflies (P ≤ 0.05, Student’s t-test).
Fig 4.
Relative expression of GroEL protein gene in A. Non-viruliferous and Viruliferous Bemisia tabaci B. Tetraccycline fed females C. Tetracycline fed males. The expression level was normalized with β-tubulin as housekeeping gene. The error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3) and *represents significant differences among male and female whiteflies (P ≤ 0.05, Student’s t-test).
Fig 5.
Relative expression of Cyclophilin in B. tabaci, A. Non-viruliferous and Viruliferous whiteflies, B. dsRNA fed female and male whiteflies; C. Relative titer of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthanin Cyclophilin knockdown viruliferous female and male whiteflies. The expression level was normalized with β-tubulin as housekeeping gene. Error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3) and *represents significant differences in expression (P ≤ 0.05, Student’s t-test).
Fig 6.
Relative expression of Knottin in B. tabaci, A. Non-viruliferous and Viruliferous whiteflies, B. dsRNA fed female and male whiteflies; C. Relative titerof Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthanin Knottin knockdown viruliferous female and male whiteflies. The expression level was normalized with β-tubulin as housekeeping gene. Error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3) and *represents significant differences in expression (P ≤ 0.05, Student’s t-test).
Fig 7.
Relative expression of Hsp40 in B. tabaci, A. Non-viruliferous and viruliferous whiteflies, B. dsRNA fed female and male whiteflies; C. Relative titer of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthanin Hsp40 knockdown viruliferous female and male whiteflies. The expression level was normalized with β-tubulin as housekeeping gene. Error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3) and *represents significant differences in expression (P ≤ 0.05, Student’s t-test).
Fig 8.
Relative expression of Hsp70 in B. tabaci, A. Non-viruliferous and Viruliferous whiteflies, B. dsRNA fed female and male whiteflies; C. Relative titer of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthanin Hsp70 knockdown viruliferous female and male whiteflies. The expression level was normalized with β-tubulin as housekeeping gene. Error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3) and *represents significant differences in expression (P ≤ 0.05, Student’s t-test).