Fig 1.
Inclusion process for the identified studies.
Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies comparing ultrasound-guided with landmark percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy.
Table 2.
Jadad score assessment of RCTs and Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale of NRS.
Table 3.
Summary of the intervention details in the included studies.
Fig 2.
Risks of bias summary.
Fig 3.
Forest plot comparing real-time UGT with LT for first-pass success (a) and complications (b).
Fig 4.
Forest plot comparing real-time UGT with LT for major bleeding (a) and total tracheostomy procedure time (b).
Fig 5.
Funnel plots of first-pass success (a), complications (b), and major bleeding (c).