Fig 1.
Destruction of power facilities in the Wenchuan earthquake.
Fig 2.
Flowchart of seismic damage assessment of substation.
Fig 3.
Finite element model of 750 kV main transformer and key vulnerability parameters (① the top displacement of the high-voltage bushing Ug; ② the maximum bending stress at the root of the high-voltage bushing Sg; ③ the top displacement of the medium-voltage bushing Uz; ④ the maximum bending stress at the root of the medium-voltage bushing Sz).
Table 1.
Parameters of 750 kV main transformer.
Table 2.
Four limit states of 750 kV main transformer.
Table 3.
Parameter values of limit states of 750 kV main transformer.
Table 4.
Selection principle of ground motion records.
Table 5.
Pieces of information related to ground motion records.
Table 6.
Criterion for earthquake amplitude modulation.
Fig 4.
Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of key vulnerable parameters.
(a) IDA of Ug. (b) IDA of Sg. (c) IDA of Uz. (d) IDA of Sz.
Table 7.
Logarithmic standard deviation of each key vulnerable parameter.
Fig 5.
Vulnerability models of four key vulnerable parameters.
(a) Vulnerability of Ug. (b) Vulnerability of Sg. (c) Vulnerability of Uz. (d) Vulnerability of Sz.
Fig 6.
Vulnerability model of 750 kV main transformer.
(a) Upper boundary. (b) Lower boundary.
Fig 7.
Classification of power facilities in substation.
Table 8.
Earthquake safety risk assessment of substations-weights (F) of assessment items.
Fig 8.
Vulnerability model of 750 kV substations.
(a) Upper boundary. (b) Lower boundary.
Fig 9.
Vulnerability model of 220 kV substations.
(a) Upper boundary. (b) Lower boundary.
Fig 10.
Vulnerability model of 110 kV substations.
(a) Upper boundary. (b) Lower boundary.
Fig 11.
Historical seismic information and seismic observation stations of the Wuqia-Kashgar area.
(a) Earthquake catalogue. (b) Seismic observation station.
Fig 12.
Intensity distribution of the 2008 Wuqia MS 6.8 earthquake.
Table 9.
Complete ground motion records of each station.
Fig 13.
Distribution of substations in Wuqia-Kashgar area.
Fig 14.
Magnitude-cumulative frequency curve.
Fig 15.
Peak ground acceleration (PGA) distribution of the Wuqia-Kashgar area (assumed earthquake).
Fig 16.
Probability for four seismic damage states of substations.