Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
Table 2.
The incidence rates of new-onset AF according to risk factors in the “aged <60 years” and “aged ≥60 years” groups.
Fig 1.
Hazard ratios for new-onset AF according to the risk factors in the “aged <60 years” and “aged ≥60 years” groups.
* Hazard ratio for each risk factor was adjusted by the Cox regression model using these variables: age, sex, previous ischemic stroke or TIA, previous myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, CKD, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and low physical activity. # Indicates interaction p-values <0.05 in testing for interactions with each risk factor between “aged <60 years” and “aged ≥60 years” groups while adjusting for other residual covariables (age, sex, previous ischemic stroke/TIA, previous myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, CKD, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and low physical activity). Among subjects aged <60 years, the risks of incident AF were significantly higher for age (per 10-year increases), hypertension, and obesity (each interaction p-value <0.001) compared to those of subjects aged ≥60 years. CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR, hazard ratio; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
Fig 2.
(A) Body mass index and adjusted hazard ratios for new-onset AF in the “aged <60 years” and “aged ≥60 years” groups. (B) Smoking frequency (pack-year) and adjusted hazard ratios for new-onset AF in the “aged <60 years” and “aged ≥60 years” group. Hazard ratio (HR) for each risk factor was adjusted for by the Cox regression analysis using these variables: age, sex, previous ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, previous myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and low physical activity (obesity was excluded in the model for [A], smoking status was excluded in the model for [B]). A reference for hazard ratio was a BMI of 20 kg/m2 in (A) and never-smokers in (B). Color areas are 95% confidence intervals for the spline curves. HR, hazard ratio.