Fig 1.
Flow diagram of study selection process.
Fig 2.
Prevalence of depression in patients undergoing ACDF by year.
Table 1.
Characteristics of 215864 patients undergoing ACDF in the NIS database 2005–2014.
Table 2.
Post-surgical outcomes of the population by depression status.
Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of the associations between outcomes and depression.
Table 4.
Associations between postoperative outcomes and depression, stratified by procedure type.