Fig 1.
A schematic diagram of the new in vitro assay system.
The procedures to measure extracellular and intracellular acetylcholine levels are illustrated.
Table 1.
Changes in the choline and acetylcholine levels in LA-N-2 cells after treatment with physostigmine, delphinidin, and black ginger extract, which have been reported to have AChE-inhibiting activity.
Table 2.
Changes in the choline and acetylcholine levels in LA-N-2 cells after treatment with choline and lysophosphatidylcholine that have a Ch moiety.
Table 3.
Changes in the choline and acetylcholine levels in LA-N-2 cells after treatment with luteolin and nobiletin, which have been reported to have ChAT-increasing activity.
Fig 2.
The expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 on LA-N-2 cells.
LA-N-2 cells were lysed before (-) or after (+) the treatment with the assay medium for 5 h and subjected to SDS-PAGE along with mouse brain tissue lysate as a positive control (PC). Lysates/proteins at 10 μg per lane.
Table 4.
Changes in the choline and acetylcholine levels in LA-N-2 cells after treatment with muscarine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.
Table 5.
Drug compounds and food constituents that increased extracellular and/or intracellular ACh levels in our cell-based assay.
Table 6.
A drug compound and food constituents that did not increase extracellular or intracellular ACh levels in our cell-based assay.