Fig 1.
Fictitious example of a pain drawing.
Modified pain drawing based on DSF. For better illustration, this fictitious pain drawing is presented in colour. Pain drawings in the study were binarily transformed into black and white images before analysis. Variable 1 "Filled body surface": The total area of the human figure is 100%. The proportions of the patients’ markings within the outline were assessed as percentages. In the diagram on the left this process is visualised not true to scale. Variable 2 "Hatching degree": Presented are a lighter hatching (right upper thigh, ventral) and a darker hatching (left shoulder, ventral). Variable 3 "Number of pain sites": This variable is calculated by adding up the number of pain sites. In this example, five pain sites are presented (right leg, thorax/abdomen, left arm, head and back). Variable 4 "Total word count": In this pain drawing, there are three words describing the pain. Variable 5 "Use of indicative symbols": In the dorsal view of the human figure, there is a lightning bolt drawn next to the right shoulder as an indicative symbol. Variable 6 "Crossing the outlines": In the two areas marked with the number 6, the outline of the human figure is crossed.
Table 1.
Number of datasets and scores.
Table 2.
Linear regression models for the dependent variables HADS-A, HADS-D and MCS.
Table 3.
Bootstrapping procedure to obtain robust confidence intervals for the multivariate regression models for the dependent variables HADS-A, HADS-D and MCS.
Table 4.
Logistic regression.