Fig 1.
Geographical map, constructed using geographic information system (ArcGIS), [24] showing the three testing environments: Mehoni, Mieso and Melkassa in Ethiopia.
Mehoni is located in Raya Azebo district of Tigray Regional State whereas Mieso and Melkassa are located in Mieso and Adama districts of Oromia regional State, respectively.
Table 1.
Description of the testing environments.
Fig 2.
Diverse sorghum panicles A) at early grain filling and B) at maturity.
Table 2.
Combined analysis of variance for grain yield and related traits of 324 sorghum genotypes across three environments.
Table 3.
AMMI ANOVA for grain yield and related traits of 324 sorghum genotypes across three environments.
Table 4.
AMMI analysis based mean phenotypic and IPCAe values, and four top ranking genotypes for each trait in each environment.
Fig 3.
AMMI2 biplot of the 324 sorghum genotypes and three environments for (A) panicle weight (PAWT) and (B) grain yield (GY).
Genotypes placed close to a given environment, had top performance in that environment. Each vector shows the discrimination power of the environment (the longer the vector the more discrimination power that environment has).
Table 5.
Mean performance of the top ten and bottom five sorghum genotypes across the three environments for grain yield and other agronomic traits.
Table 6.
The ASV, GSI and combined mean performance of the top ten and bottom five genotypes for grain yield and panicle weight.
Fig 4.
Which-Won-Where polygon view of GGE scatter biplot of the 324 sorghum genotypes for (A) Panicle weight (PAWT) and (B) Grain yield (GY), showing genotypes with best performance in each environment and the mega environments (MGEs).
The vertex genotypes on convex hull (Polygon) are the best in each mega environment for the corresponding trait.
Fig 5.
Genotype focus scaling of GGE biplot showing stability and mean ranking of the 324 sorghum genotypes for (A) Panicle weight (PAWT) and (B) Grain yield (GY).
The blue arrowhead line that passes through the origin shows higher mean performance of a genotype and the green dotted lines extending from the blue arrowhead line show the stability of the genotypes (the shorter the dotted line the higher the stability of the genotype).
Fig 6.
Environment focus scaling GGE comparison biplot of the 324 sorghum genotypes ranking the three tested environments for (A) panicle weight (PAWT) and (B) grain yield (GY).
The concentric circles on the biplot show the distance of the environments from AEC and the biplot origin. The ideal environment is the one that is close to the center of the concentric circles.
Fig 7.
Correlation coefficient and level of significant for grain yield and agronomic traits in 324 sorghum genotypes.
PAWT: Panicle weight, GY: Grain yield, DTF = Days to flowering, PH = Plant height, PALH = Panicle length, PAWD = Panicle width.
Fig 8.
Cluster analysis of the 324 sorghum genotypes using phenotypic data of the six studied traits revealing five major clusters (I to V).
Genotypes in cluster-I (red font) are high yielding.