Table 1.
Species and number of individuals analyzed, with their respective sampling locations and voucher number.
Fig 1.
Karyotypes of the species with 2n = 58, stained with Giemsa (left column) and with C band (right column): (a, b) Tometes camunani; (c, d) Myloplus asterias; (e, f) My. schomburgkii; (g, h) My. lobatus; (i, j) My. rubripinnis. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Fig 2.
Karyotypes of Metynnis longipinnis (a, b); Me. cuiaba (c, d); Me. hypsauchen (e, f), stained with Giemsa (a, c, e) and C band (b, d, f). Scale bar = 10 μm.
Table 2.
Species analyzed with their respective diploid and fundamental numbers, karyotype formula, and 18S and 5S rDNA position.
Fig 3.
Karyotype of the five species analyzed by Double-FISH with 18S rDNA (red) and 5S rDNA (green) and counterstained with DAPI: (a) Tometes camunani; (b) Myloplus asterias; (c) My. schomburgkii; (d) My. lobatus; (e) My. rubripinnis. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Fig 4.
Double-FISH in Metynnis: (a) Me. longipinnis; (b) Me. cuiaba; (c) Me. hypsauchen, 18S rDNA (red); 5S rDNA (green) and counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Fig 5.
Cladogram adapted from Mateussi et al. [6], indicating the variation of the diploid number between the species and genera with available cytogenetic information, with the probable ancestral diploid number of the clades indicated by circles of different colors (2n = 54 black, 2n = 58 yellow, 2n = 60 gray, 2n = 62 blue).
Data for Pygocentrus spp. and Serrasalmus spp. [26, 29, 37, 42, 43], and for Metynnis [35]. Data for Colossomatinae [33, 38]; and for Myleus micans [32]. Numbers indicate chromosomal pairs with 18S rDNA (red) and 5S rDNA (green).