Fig 1.
Effect of khat extract and juice on escape latency during acquisition trials.
Each point across the line represents the mean ± SEM of escape latency in rats (n = 6 in each group) that received T80W, KESC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), KESA 300 mg/kg and KHJ 2.5 mL/kg. Each group of rats was compared with rats that received T80W. KESC: khat extract subchronic, KESA: khat extract subacute, KHJ: khat juice.
Table 1.
Effects of khat on average escape latency, swim path-length, swimming speed and thigmotaxis in rats.
Fig 2.
Effect of khat extract and Juice on swim path-length during acquisition trials.
Each point across the line represents the mean ± SEM of swim path-length in rats (n = 6 / group) that received T80W, KESC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), KESA (300 mg/kg) and KHJ 2.5 mL/kg. KESC: khat extract administered subchronically, KESA: khat extract subacute.
Fig 3.
Effect of khat extract and juice on swim speed during acquisition trials.
Each point across the line represents the mean ± SEM of swimming speed in rats (n = 6 / group) that received T80W, KESC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), KESA (300 mg/kg) and KHJ 2.5 mL/kg. Each group of rats was compared with rats that received T80W. KESC: khat extract subchronic, KESA: khat extract subacute, KHJ: khat juice.
Fig 4.
Effect of khat extract and juice on thigmotaxis during acquisition trials.
Each point across the line represents the mean ± SEM of thigmotaxis in rats (n = 6 / group) that received T80W, KESC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), KESA (300 mg/kg) and KHJ 2.5 mL/kg. KESC: khat extract administered subchronically, KESA: khat extract subacute, khat juice.
Fig 5.
Correlation between average escape latency and thigmotaxis of rats (n = 6 / group) that received KESC 100 mg/kg (a), KESC 200 mg/kg (b), KESC 300 mg/kg (c) and KHJ 2.5 mL/kg (d).
R: correlation coefficient.
Table 2.
Effects of khat on time spent(s) in target and other quadrants during the probe trials.
Table 3.
Effects of khat on time spent (s) in Tq during probe trials.
Fig 6.
Latency to the Tq during the probe trial.
Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of the transfer latency to the Tq in rats (n = 6 in each group) that received T80W, KESA (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg), KESC (300 mg/kg) and KHJ 2.5 mL/kg. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05 when each group of rats was compared with rats that received T80W. KESC: khat extract subchronic, KESA: khat extract subacute, KHJ: khat juice.
Table 4.
Effects of khat on serum electrolytes.
Fig 7.
Correlation between escape latency and serum Na+ level (a) and Ca2+ (b) in rats that received khat extract and juice.
R: correlation coefficient.