Table 1.
Area under maize cultivation and production by agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia.
Fig 1.
The study areas and the location of sample communities within maize mega-environments.
Fig 2.
Pictures of lepidopterous insect pests shown to farmers.
A) stemborers (either Chilo partellus (A1), or Busseola Fusca (A2); B) Spodoptera exempta; and C) Spodoptera frugiperda, obtained from [6] with permission.
Table 2.
Attainable yield, actual yield, and average land size in Ethiopia (2017–2019).
Table 3.
Farmers’ awareness and knowledge of FAW in the study areas (%).
Fig 3.
Farmers’ FAW control strategies by agro-ecological zones.
Table 4.
FAW control support to the study communities.
Fig 4.
Geographic distribution of average farmers affected (%) by FAW (2017–2019).
Table 5.
Proportion of farmers affected by FAW (%).
Fig 5.
Geographic distribution of average yield loss (%) due to FAW (2017–2019).
Table 6.
Yield losses due to FAW (%).
Table 7.
Estimated total maize production losses.
Table 8.
Human health and environmental impacts of insecticides used to control FAW.