Table 1.
Sequences newly generated for this study.
Fig 1.
Fifty percent majority-rule Bayesian cladogram of the Roseinae clade from a concatenated data matrix of ITS, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, and mcm7.
BI posterior probabilities are followed by ML values derived from 1000 bootstrapping replicates. Full support is indicated by an asterisk (*). The highlighting of the clades corresponds to the geographic origin of the collections: yellow: Europe, blue: Asia, purple: Panama, red: North America. Specimen labels in green indicate sequences derived from plant roots and blue indicates sequences derived from soil. Sequences of newly described species are in bold. GenBank accession numbers are indicated for collections of which only ITS sequences were available. Countries are abbreviated by ISO codes (https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html), US and Canadian states by postal codes (http://www.icq.eps.harvard.edu/ICQpost.html). Associated plants are labeled where known with high confidence.
Fig 2.
Hymenial elements of Russula cornicolor (holotype FH-18-154).
A: Basidia. B: Basidiola. C: Marginal cells. D: Hymenial cystidia. E: Hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges. F: Spores as seen in Melzer’s reagent. Scale bar = 10 μm, but only 5 μm for spores.
Fig 3.
Elements of the pileipellis of Russula cornicolor (holotype FH-18-154).
A: Hyphal terminations and primordial hyphae with contents near the pileus margin. B: Hyphal terminations and primordial hyphae with contents near the pileus center. Asterisks (*) mark primordial hyphae observed after carbolfuchsin treatment with acid resistant incrustations. Arrows indicate inclusions. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Fig 4.
Hymenial elements of Russula cynorhodon (holotype FH-18-117).
A: Basidia. B: Basidiola. C: Marginal cells. D: Hymenial cystidia. E: Hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges. F: Spores as seen in Melzer’s reagent. Scale bar = 10 μm, but only 5 μm for spores.
Fig 5.
Elements of the pileipellis of Russula cynorhodon (holotype FH-18-117).
A: Hyphal terminations and primordial hyphae (with contents) near the pileus margin. B: Hyphal terminations near the pileus center. C: Primordial hyphae near the pileus center. Asterisks (*) mark primordial hyphae observed after carbolfuchsin treatment with acid resistant incrustations. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Fig 6.
Hymenial elements of Russula oreomunneae (holotype FH-18-151).
A: Basidia. B: Basidiola. C: Marginal cells. D: Hymenial cystidia. E: Hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges. F: Spores as seen in Melzer’s reagent. Scale bar = 10 μm, but only 5 μm for spores.
Fig 7.
Elements of the pileipellis of Russula oreomunneae (holotype FH-18-151).
A: Hyphal terminations and primordial hyphae with contents near the pileus margin. B: Hyphal terminations and primordial hyphae with contents near the pileus center. Asterisks (*) mark primordial hyphae observed after carbolfuchsin treatment with acid resistant incrustations. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Fig 8.
Hymenial elements of Russula zephyrovelutipes (holotype FH-18-116).
A: Basidia. B: Basidiola. C: Marginal cells. D: Hymenial cystidia. E: Hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges. F: Spores as seen in Melzer’s reagent. Scale bar = 10 μm, but only 5 μm for spores.
Fig 9.
Elements of the pileipellis of Russula zephyrovelutipes (holotype FH-18-116).
A: Hyphal terminations and primordial hyphae with contents near the pileus margin. B: Hyphal terminations and primordial hyphae with contents near the pileus center. Asterisks (*) mark primordial hyphae observed after carbolfuchsin treatment with acid resistant incrustations. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Fig 10.
Field photographs of fruiting bodies of species described in this study.
A: Russula cynorhodon (holotype FH-18-117). B: Russula cynorhodon (paratype FH-18-036). C: Russula cynorhodon (paratype FH-18-118). D: Russula zephyrovelutipes (holotype FH-18-116). E: Russula oreomunneae (holotype FH-18-151). F: Russula cornicolor (FH-18-154). All photographs: Felix Hampe.
Fig 11.
Scanning electron microscopic photographs of hymenial structures of species newly described in this study.
A: Spores of Russula cynorhodon (holotype FH-18-117). B. Spores of Russula zephyrovelutipes (holotype FH-18-116). C: Pleurocystidia and spores of Russula oreomunneae (holotype FH-18-151). D: Spores of Russula oreomunneae (holotype FH-18-151). E: Spores of Russula cornicolor (holotype FH-18-154). F: Basidia and spores of Russula cornicolor (holotype FH-18-154). Scale bars = 10 μm.