Fig 1.
CONSORT flow diagram.
Fig 2.
Time flow of the study at the induction and the end of surgery.
(A) Ce (ppf): effect-site concentration of propofol, Ce (remi): effect-site concentration of remifentanil, Tbase: at baseline (in the eye-open state); Teye-closed: at 2 min after the patient’s eyes closed; Tremi: time when remifentanil TCI started; Tppf: time when propofol TCI started, T0: time when loss of consciousness (LOC) occurred; T1, T2 and T3: 1, 2 and 3 min after LOC, respectively, TR0, TR1, TR2, TR3 and TR4: immediately before, and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 min after injecting rocuronium (group R) or the same volume of normal saline (group C), respectively. (B) Ce (ppf): effect-site concentration of propofol, Ce (remi): effect site concentration of remifentanil, Tend: at the end of surgery, TRV0, TRV1, TRV2, TRV3 and TRV4: immediately before and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 min after injecting sugammadex (group B) or the same volume of normal saline (group D), respectively.
Table 1.
Changes before and after closing eyes.
Fig 3.
Group-median spectrogram during T0–T3.
Group-median spectrograms show that the power of alpha waves (8–13 Hz) and beta waves (13–30 Hz) became stronger and weaker, respectively, with time.
Table 2.
Demographic and clinical data in the study during induction.
Table 3.
Changes in BIS and PLE for 3 min while propofol Ce at LOC Was maintained before neuromuscular blockade.
Table 4.
Changes in BIS and PLE after administration of study drug.
Table 5.
Changes in BIS and PLE of patients with sedation.
Fig 4.
Group-median spectrogram (A) and power spectra (B) during TR0–TR4 comparing group C with group R. The group-median spectrograms (A) and power spectra (B) were plotted from the 4-min EEG data, and a distinct difference is evident. The power in the alpha, delta and slow-wave frequency bands was greater in group R than in group C.
Fig 5.
Power spectra at TR0 (A) and TR4 (B) comparing group C with group R. The power spectra for each group were plotted at TR0 (A) and TR4 (B) separately to determine the effect of NMB; changes in the slow and delta frequency bands were observed at TR4 compared to TR0 in group R.
Table 6.
Changes in power of each EEG waves after NMB in patients with sedation.
Table 7.
Demographic and clinical data in the study at the end of surgery.
Table 8.
Changes in BIS and PLE after administration of study drug at the end of surgery.
Table 9.
Changes in BIS and PLE of patients in general anesthesia.