Table 1.
pH values of soils from covnventional and organic farming systems, determined in water and potassium chloride.
Table 2.
Average soil water content and bulk density in the tested soil samples.
Fig 1.
Bacterial and fungal abundance in tested soil samples.
The grey bars indicate the amount of bacteria [CFU g-1 of soil] x 107 and yellow bars indicate the amount of fungi [CFU/ 1 g of soil] x 106.
Fig 2.
Relative abundance of bacteria and archea at the phylum level in all tested specimens (samples marked with E are from organic farms, while those with K label are from conventional farms).
Table 3.
The average relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level in all samples (the table presents only the top 10 microbial phyla in relative abundance, representing more than 2% of the total readings).
Fig 3.
Rarefaction curves of the microbial communities of soil samples derived from conventional (K1-1 – K5-2) and from organic farmsteads (E1-1 – E5-2).
Operational taxonomic units (OTU) at a 0.03 distance level.
Table 4.
Species richness and diversity statistics in soil samples.
Fig 4.
β-diversity between bacterial communities in tested samples.
UPGMA dendrogram (A) was constructed in PAST software using Ward’s method and heatmap (B) was built in Mothur based on Bray-Curtis distance. Labels along the left and top sides of heatmap and the upper side of dendrogram represent individual soil samples. Each square within the heatmap represents a single pairwise comparison between the samples. The color code, as indicated by the bar below, represents the similarity of the samples, where darker color represents more dissimilar and brighter indicates more similar communities. Distance trees and heatmaps were constructed at distance of 0.03.
Fig 5.
Visualisation of differences between carrot rhizosphere bacterial communities in soils from conventional (K1-1 - K5-2) and organic (E1-1 - E5-2) farms.
Clustering based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity of microbial community profiles in a principal coordinate plot.
Fig 6.
Activity of urease (A), L-glutaminase (B), β-glucosidase (C), acid phosphatase (D), alkaline phosphatase (E), and protease (F) in tested samples derived from organic (green) and conventional (yellow) farming systems.