Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for all variables.
Fig 1.
Plot of CO2 emissions per unit GDP versus urbanization rate for 2000–2012.
Fig 2.
Plot of urbanization rate of resident population versus proportion of temporary residents.
Table 2.
Urbanization and CO2 emissions: FE estimators, DK estimators and 2SLS estimators.
Table 3.
Urbanization and CO2 emissions: First-differenced GMM estimators and system GMM estimators.
Table 4.
Threshold regression estimation results.