Fig 1.
Timeline of interventions and points at which drugs were given and pain ratings were performed.
Table 1.
Methods for statistical validation of the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS), Composite Pain Scale (CPS), and unidimensional scales to assess postoperative pain in horses.
Table 2.
Repeatability of the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS), Composite Pain Scale (CPS), and unidimensional scales to assess perioperative pain in horses.
Table 3.
Observer matrix correlation for the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS) and the Composite Pain Scale (CPS) to assess perioperative pain in horses.
Table 4.
Reproducibility of the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS), Composite Pain Scale (CPS), and unidimensional scales to assess perioperative pain in horses.
Table 5.
Load, eigenvalue, and variance of the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS) and the Composite Pain Scale (CPS) submitted to principal component analysis.
Table 6.
Criterion validity based on the correlation between the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS) and the Composite Pain Scale (CPS) vs unidimensional scales to assess perioperative pain.
Table 7.
Item-total correlation and internal consistency, specificity, and sensitivity for the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS).
Table 8.
Item-total correlation and internal consistency, specificity, and sensitivity for composite pain scale.
Fig 2.
Box plots of the total scores of the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS) over time.
M0 –before surgery; M1 –up to 4 hours after surgery; M2—up to 3 hours after analgesic treatment; M3–24 hours after surgery. Small letters represent statistically significant differences (a > b).
Fig 3.
Box plots of the total scores of the Composite Pain Scale (CPS) over time.
M0 –before surgery; M1 –up to 4 hours after surgery; M2—up to 3 hours after analgesic treatment; M3–24 hours after surgery. Small letters represent statistically significant differences (a > b).
Table 9.
Median (range) scores of the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS), the Composite Pain Scale (CPS), and unidimensional scales in the perioperative period in horses.
Fig 4.
Distribution of scores for each item of the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS) at all perioperative moments.
Fig 5.
Distribution of scores for each item of the Composite Pain Scale (CPS) at all perioperative moments.
Fig 6.
ROC curve and area under the curve (AUC) for the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS) (left) and the Composite Pain Scale (CPS) (right).
*ROC: Receiver operating characteristic curve; AUC 1 excellent; AUC 0.9–0.8 very good; AUC 0.8–0.7 good; AUC 0.7–0.6 sufficient; AUC 0.6–0.5 bad; AUC < 0.5 not-discriminative.
Table 10.
Youden index based on highest sensitivity and specificity for the Unesp-Botucatu horse acute pain scale (UHAPS), the Composite Pain Scale (CPS), and unidimensional scales.
Table 11.
Number of horses requiring rescue analgesia would be indicated based on clinical experience and the Youden index.