Table 1.
Criteria for including documents in the sample.
Table 2.
Number of citations within each of the 15 selected public health recommendation documents.
Fig 1.
Citation network illustrating the 1700 evidence sources cited in 14 recommendation documents.
APHA = American Public Health Association; FDA = U.S. Food and Drug Administration; NHMRC = National Health and Medical Research Council (AUS); NHS HS = NHS Health Scotland; NICE = National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); PHAA = Public Health Association Australia; PHE = Public Health England; PHW = Public Health Wales; SGR = U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: A Report of the Surgeon General.
Fig 2.
Citation network for the 53 most highly cited citations across 13 recommendation documents.
Fig 3.
Citation network showing the study design of the 53 highly cited citations across 13 recommendation documents.
Fig 4.
Citation network showing the conflicts of interest of the 53 highly cited citations across 13 recommendation documents.
APHA = American Public Health Association; NHMRC = National Health and Medical Research Council (AUS); NHS HS = NHS Health Scotland; NICE = National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); PHAA = Public Health Association Australia; PHE = Public Health England; PHW = Public Health Wales; SGR = U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: A Report of the Surgeon General.
Fig 5.
Clustering of recommendation documents by the number of shared references.
APHA = American Public Health Association; FDA = U.S. Food and Drug Administration; NHMRC = National Health and Medical Research Council (AUS); NHS HS = NHS Health Scotland; NICE = National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); PHAA = Public Health Association Australia; PHE = Public Health England; PHW = Public Health Wales; SGR = U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: A Report of the Surgeon General.
Table 3.
Distribution of conflicts of interest per recommendation block and results of the fisher’s exact test.
Fig 6.
Percentage of declared conflicts of interest across citations between 1998–2018.