Fig 1.
Schematic illustration of a trial of the Stroop task.
A trial started with the presentation of a unique geometric shape for 600ms. This was followed by a blank interval for 1500ms, after which the word was presented in white for 200ms. Next, the word was colored and remained on screen for 2000ms or until the participant responded. Depending on the response performed by participants and the ongoing contingency, responses were followed either by a grey square, a grey square and the symbols “$” or “#”, or a blank screen (i.e., no outcome) for 600ms. Trials were separated by a 600ms inter-trial interval.
Fig 2.
Mean RTs (ms) and error rates (%) in Experiment 1 dependent on block and trial types.
Mean RTs (ms) and error rates found in experiment 1 are plotted as a function of Contingency (Congruent Reinforced [CR], Equally Reinforced [ER], Incongruent Reinforced [IR]), and Congruency (Congruent, Incongruent). Error bars represent SEM.
Fig 3.
Mean RTs (ms) and error rates (%) found in Experiment 2 across blocks and trial types.
Mean RTs (ms) and error rates found in experiment 2 are plotted as a function of Contingency (Congruent Reinforced [CR], Equally Reinforced [ER], Incongruent Reinforced [IR]), and Congruency (Congruent, Incongruent). Error bars represent SEM.
Fig 4.
Mean RTs (ms) and error rates (%) averaged across Experiments 1 and 2.
Mean RTs (ms) and error rates averaged across experiment are plotted as a function of Contingency (Congruent Reinforced [CR], Incongruent Reinforced [IR]) and Congruency (Congruent, Incongruent), and are calculated on the first sub-block. Error bars represent SEM.
Fig 5.
Mean RTs (ms) and error rates (%) found in experiment 3 across blocks and trial types.
Mean RTs (ms) and error rates found in experiment 3 are plotted as a function of Contingency (Congruent Reinforced [CR], Incongruent Reinforced [IR]) and Congruency (Congruent, Incongruent), and across learning and test items. Error bars represent SEM.
Fig 6.
Mean score for Causality Rating (CR) and Person’s correlation on learning and test items in Experiment 3.
Mean score for causality rating (CR) found in experiment 3 is plotted as a function of Contingency (Congruent Reinforced [CR], Incongruent Reinforced [IR]) and Congruency (Congruent, Incongruent). Error bars represent SEM. Person’s correlation between the difference score in causality ratings (DCR) and the difference score in congruency effects (DCE) on learning and test items is also plotted.