Table 1.
Characteristics and clinical data of uveal melanoma patients from TCGA.
Fig 1.
Correlation analysis between CARD11 expression and clinicopathological characteristics.
(A) Expression of CARD11 in 33 types of tumors and their adjacent tissues in TCGA database; (B) ROC curve analysis of the accuracy of CARD11 in predicting the prognosis of patients; (C-F) Correlation between CARD11 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, in which CARD11 have no significant correlation with age (P = 0.83; C), but have significant correlation with a higher likelihood of metastasis (P < 0.001; D), higher grade clinical stage (P = 0.023; E), and tissue cell typing (P < 0.001; F).
Fig 2.
Influence of CARD11 expression on the prognosis of UVM patients.
(A-C) Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the OS, PFS, and DFS in CARD11 high-expression group were lower (log-rank P <0.001), comparing with that in CARD11 low-expression group. (D, E) The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis combined CARD11 expression with clinicopathological characteristics showed that CARD11 was an independent risk factor for prognosis.
Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for overall survival of uveal melanoma patients based on CARD11 expression.
Fig 3.
Association between CARD11 expression and different biologically related pathways.
(A-C) Correlation analysis showed that in TCGA database, patients with high CARD11 expression had higher scores of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell senescence related pathways. (D-F) In GEO database, patients with high CARD11 expression had higher autophagy and senescence related pathway scores, while there was no significant difference between the two groups in apoptosis related pathway scores.
Fig 4.
The correlation between CARD11 expression and immune infiltration.
(A) Correlation analysis showed that the infiltration level of some immune cell subtypes was significantly different between the high and low expression groups. (B) The expression levels of HLAs were significantly different between the high and low expression groups. (C) Lollipop graph showed that the correlation between different immune cell subtypes and CARD11 expression. The size of the dots represents the correlation coefficient, and the color represents different levels of P values. (D) Analysis of immune cell subtypes significantly related with CARD11 expression.
Fig 5.
Nomogram construction for survival prediction.
(A) Nomogram construction combined CARD11 expression with clinicopathological features to predict the OS of patients. (B) Calibration curve of Nomogram; the Abscissa is the survival predicted through the nomogram, and the ordinate is the actual observations, repeating 1000 times each time. The curve showed that the nomogram predicted the 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS in UVM patients effectively.
Fig 6.
Analysis of differential genes between CARD11 high and low expression groups.
(A, B) Heat maps and volcano plots showed the expression of DEGs between CARD11 high and low expression group. (C, D) GO and KEGG analysis showed that these DEGs were involved in T cell activation pathway and cell adhesion molecule-related signal pathway.
Fig 7.
The GSEA analysis based on CARD11 expression.
The results revealed that some pathways were enriched in UVM patients with CARD11 high expression, including Alzheimer’s Disease, Proteasome, Vibrio cholerae infection, and Prion Diseases pathways.
Table 3.
GSEA analysis.
Fig 8.
PPI network and visualization of ceRNA network.
(A) STRING database was used to analyze the PPI network of 193 prognostic genes, and each node represented a distinct gene. (B) MCC algorithm was used to recognize hub-genes from PPI network, red and yellow nodes represented 8 hub-genes; (C, D) The expression of 8 hub-genes in the TCGA database and GEO database; (E) The ceRNA network was built based on differentially expressed mRNA, miRNA, and IncRNA. Among them, ellipse represented mRNA, diamond represented IncRNA, and square represented miRNA. Red suggests elevated gene expression and blue suggests decreased gene expression.