Fig 1.
Schematic of the dynamics of Bd infection in reproductive adults and tadpoles.
Solid black arrows correspond to reproduction, dashed black arrows to recruitment of tadpoles into reproductive adults, grey dashed arrows to new infections or within-host disease dynamics, grey solid arrows indicate disease-independent or disease-induced deaths.
Fig 2.
Long-term dynamics of the Atelopus cruciger–Bd interaction.
Tadpoles and adults can get infected but only adults develop lethal chytridiomycosis. Simulations for 2,000 weeks show stable oscillations in the abundance of tadpoles, adults, and in the zoospore burden.
Fig 3.
Yearly dynamics of the A. cruciger–Bd interaction.
Tadpoles and adults can get infected but only adults can develop lethal chytridiomycosis. (A) The number of tadpoles and adults. (B) Number of free zoospores in the environment and the Bd burden in adults.
Fig 4.
Infection outcomes expected for pairs of parameters.
Each pixel represents a simulation of 2,000 weeks. Blue pixels represent combinations of parameters for which coexistence is the most likely outcome, green denotes pairs for which Bd is most likely to fail in establishing and red denotes pairs for which Bd is more likely to extirpate the toad population. In the left panel (A,C,E,G,I), tadpoles do not get infected. In the right panel (B,D,F,H,J), tadpoles get infected but do not develop lethal chytridiomycosis. Population parameters fixed are described in Table 1 in S1 Appendix.
Fig 5.
Relationship between zoospore lethal burden, reproductive rate and the life expectancy of host (λ).
The dashed line identifies the zoospore concentration for which host survival is zero. The vertical projections of the intercept of the number of zoospores with the lethal zoospore load indicates the life expectancy of the host for each value of λ.