Fig 1.
Growth in the occurrence of the combination of the terms ‘public engagement’ and ‘science’ in titles or abstracts in the Web of Science from 1995–2019 (N = 517).
Fig 2.
Top 10 academic journals among publications with a combination of the terms ‘public engagement’ and ‘science’ in their titles or abstracts in the Web of Science for the period 1995–2019.
Table 1.
Search and selection process of academic articles.
Fig 3.
Occurrences of the term ‘engagement’ in published items in JCOM, PUS and SC in titles and/or abstracts (1993–2018; N = 284).
Fig 4.
Country affiliations of authors in the project sample who published in PUS and SC, as captured by the Web of Science (N = 206).
Table 2.
Primary motivations for engagement in academic literature.
Table 3.
Prominent criticisms of engagement in academic literature.
Table 4.
Democratization as motivation for engagement in policy documents.
Table 5.
Education as motivation for engagement in policy documents.
Table 6.
Legitimation as motivation for engagement in policy documents.
Table 7.
Innovation as motivation for engagement in policy documents.
Table 8.
Inspiration as motivation for engagement in policy documents.
Table 9.
Concerns mentioned in policy documents: Need for support, recognition and reward.
Table 10.
Criticisms in policy documents: Scientists’ lack of preparedness.