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Fig 1.

Flowchart of the overall methodology.

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Table 1.

CBM data from switchgears for classification of abnormal location.

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Table 1 Expand

Fig 2.

ANN structure used in this work.

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Fig 3.

Concept of classification by SVM (unfilled elements represent support vectors while filled elements represent training data).

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Fig 4.

Flowchart of the proposed GSA-AI technique.

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Table 2.

Classification results using ANN based on 70:30 ratio for training and testing data.

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Table 2 Expand

Table 3.

Classification results using SVM based on 70:30 ratio for training and testing.

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Table 3 Expand

Table 4.

Classification results using ANN based on 4-fold cross validation.

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Table 4 Expand

Table 5.

Classification results using SVM based on 4-fold cross validation.

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Table 5 Expand

Table 6.

Classification results using GSA-ANN based on 70:30 ratio for training and testing data.

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Table 7.

Classification results using GSA-SVM based on 70:30 ratio for training and testing data.

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Table 8.

Classification results using GSA-ANN based on 4-fold cross validation.

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Table 9.

Classification results using GSA-SVM based on 4-fold cross validation.

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Table 9 Expand

Fig 5.

Convergence curve of different algorithms combined with (a) ANN and (b) SVM using 70:30 ratio for training and testing data.

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Table 10.

Results comparison between different algorithms.

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Table 11.

Statistical test of non-parametric using McNemar’s test for the method proposed.

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