Fig 1.
Flow chart of patients included into the study (according to the CONSORT criteria).
ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, P/F index = Horovitz Oxygenation index = paO2/FiO2, vv-ECMO = veno-venous-extra corporeal membrane oxygenation.
Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of C-ARDS patients.
Fig 2.
Single and multiple sedation in COVID-19 patients.
The pie chart represents the types and frequency of single or multiple sedation in percentage. The associated bar charts represent the subdivision of the applied sedatives and their combinations in percentage. *other combinations: sum of conceivable otherwise twofold or threefold combined sedative applications.
Fig 3.
Pharmaceutical dosages administered.
Administered pharmaceutical dosages in the time interval of the applied single, double or triple substance use. Data presented as box-whisker plots. # = Applied dosage of sufentanil as an opioid for analgesic therapy under prescribed sedation level. * = literature based median dosage. single = use of the corresponding substance as monosedativ, dual = application in combination with another sedative, triple = use in combination with two further sedatives, μg = microgram, mg = milligram, kg = kilogram, h = hour, min = minute.
Fig 4.
Cumulative frequency of observed sedation depth.
Graphical plot of the cumulative frequency of observed sedation depth and death in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring mechanical ventilation. Sedation depth measured by Richmond Agitation Sedation Score (RASS) is graphically represented by coma (dark blue, RASS ≤ -3), arousable (blue, RASS = -2), or alert (light blue, RASS ≥ -1). Furthermore, leaving the observation period by death (in gray) or tracheostomy or extubation (white) is graphically represented.