Fig 1.
The procedure of pharmacist consultations during the first and the monthly follow-up sessions.
Table 1.
Drug-Related Problem (DRP) classification and their underlying cause [41].
Table 2.
Grouping of interactions based on the prescribing and dispensing category of the medicine, and on which healthcare professional is competent to provide the necessary intervention and a complete solution.
Table 3.
Grouping of interactions from a clinical risk perspective based on UptoDate Lexicomp® interaction database [43].
Table 4.
Definitions of pharmacist interventions to solve drug-related problems.
Table 5.
Characteristics of patients surveyed.
Fig 2.
The distribution and order of occurrence of the underlying causes of drug-related problems.
DRP: Drug-Related Problem; n(DRP) = 984.
Fig 3.
Frequency of interaction risks grouped by the competent healthcare professional providing the necessary intervention and a complete solution, and by the prescribing and dispensing category of the drugs involved.
Rx: Prescription drug; OTC: Over-the-counter medicine; Other: Other products (e.g. dietary supplements); n.a.: Not available; n = 531.
Fig 4.
Distribution of interactions by UpToDate Lexiomp® risk classification grades [43].
A: No known interaction, B: No action needed, C: Monitor therapy, D: Consider therapy modification, X: Avoid combination; n.a.: Not available; n = 531.
Fig 5.
Distribution of interactions by clinical risk caused by active substances causing the most Grade A/B or Grade D/X interactions.
5/A: Distribution of interactions by clinical risk caused by active substances causing the most Grade A/B interactions. 5/B: Distribution of interactions by clinical risk caused by active substances causing the most Grade D/X interactions. A: No known interaction; B: No action needed; C: Monitor therapy; D: Consider therapy modification; X: Avoid combination; n.a.: Not available.
Table 6.
Grade D or X interaction pairs of the three most common D or X interacting agents (acenocoumarol, acetylsalicylic acid, and diclofenac).
Fig 6.
The incidence of pharmacist interventions to solve interaction risks, in order of frequency.
GP: General practitioner; n = 599.
Fig 7.
Proposal for a uniform pharmacy procedure for the management of interaction risks.