Table 1.
Recent empirical studies on the relationship among the variables.
Table 2.
List of selected countries in various trading blocs.
Table 3.
Variables description and data source.
Table 4.
Descriptive statistics.
Fig 1.
Correlation plot among the employed variables.
Table 5.
Cross sectional dependence results.
Table 6.
Pesaran and Yamagata homogeneity test results.
Table 7.
Panel Unit Root test results.
Table 8.
Westerlund bootstrap cointegration test.
Table 9.
Pedroni cointegration test.
Table 10.
Results from the DSUR estimation approach.
Table 11.
Diagnostics test results.
Table 12.
D-H causality test for Arab Maghreb Union & East African Community.
Table 13.
D-H causality test for Community of Sahel-Saharan States.
Table 14.
D-H causality test for Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa.
Table 15.
D-H causality test for Southern African Development Community.
Table 16.
D-H causality test for Economic Community of West African States.