Table 1.
Descriptions of the sleep variables collected with the Somnofy sleep monitor.
Fig 1.
Sex differences in objectively quantified sleep.
Abbreviations: TIB = time in bed, SOL = sleep onset latency, TST = total sleep time, LS = light sleep, SWS = deep / slow wave sleep, REM = rapid eye movement sleep, REML = REM latency, SE = sleep efficiency. Blue bars represent men, green bars women. Data is based on 37 male and 19 female junior endurance athletes. Whiskers represent standard deviations. * Represent significant differences between the sexes at p < .05.
Table 2.
Two-level random intercept regressions investigating sex differences (0 = men, 1 = women) in sleep and load variables, based on data from 37 male and 19 female endurance athletes.
Fig 2.
Within-athlete variations in sleep variables across different phases of the menstrual cycle.
The measured variables included time in bed (A), sleep onset latency (B), total sleep time (C), light sleep in h (D) and % (E), deep sleep in h (F) and % (G), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in h (H) and % (I), REM latency (J) and sleep efficiency (K), and spanned the following periods: menstrual bleeding vs. non-bleeding days (red bars), menstrual vs. pre-menstrual phase (yellow bars), and follicular vs. luteal phase (pink bars). Data are based on sleep monitoring in 15 female endurance athletes. The error bars represent the S.E.; * represents a significant change, p < .05.
Table 3.
Two-level random intercept regressions investigating the effect of menstrual bleeding (= 1) vs. non-bleeding days (= 0) on sleep variables, based on menstrual cycles recorded in 15 female endurance athletes.
Table 4.
Two-level random intercept regressions investigating the effect of menstrual (= 1) vs. pre-menstrual (= 0) phase on sleep variables, based on menstrual cycles recorded in 15 female endurance athletes.
Table 5.
Two-level random intercept regressions investigating the effect of follicular (= 1) vs. luteal (= 0) phase on sleep variables, based on menstrual cycles recorded in 15 female endurance athletes.