Fig 1.
Sentinel-2 false-color composite image of study area (8, 4, 3 bands).
Table 1.
Specific information of selected Sentinel-2 images.
Fig 2.
Cloud detection results of site 1 with different methods.
Table 2.
K-T transformation coefficients of Sentinel-2 images.
Fig 3.
The original image, wetness component of the K-T transformation and NDWI of site2.
Fig 4.
K-T transformation wetness component boxplot of typical features.
Fig 5.
Flow chart of the AWECE.
Table 3.
Expression of NDWI, MNDWI and MuWI-R.
Fig 6.
Spectral characteristic curve of typical features.
Fig 7.
Water extraction results of different models.
(a)-(c) are the original images of the three sites. Water extraction results of, (d)-(f) NDWI, (g)-(i) MNDWI, (j)-(l) MuWI-R and, (m)-(o) are the results of water extraction of NDWI, MNDWI, MuWI-R and AWECE respectively. The number after (d)-(o) is represents the threshold determined by the OTSU algorithm.
Table 4.
The accuracy of different water extraction models.
Fig 8.
Extraction results of small river by different models.
Fig 9.
Water extraction results of different models under extremely complex conditions.