Fig 1.
Experimental setup of the isometric plantarflexion contraction.
The figure shows the participant seated on the dynamometer chair with their arms crossed and the upper body secured with belts. The left foot was placed on the dynamometer foot adapter (knee fully extended) and tested in two conditions (free-fixed) and four positions (0-9cm). The upper right figure depicting the secured foot with the inextensible strap. The individual pictured in Fig 1 has provided written informed consent (as outlined in PLOS consent form) to publish their image alongside the manuscript.
Fig 2.
Average maximal plantarflexion moment at four positions and two conditions.
Average (mean ± SD) maximum plantarflexion moment at four different positions (0–9 cm) and two different conditions (Fixed = filled bars, Free = empty bars). *: Indicates significant difference between conditions. Dashed line: Indicates significant difference between positions (n = 14).
Fig 3.
Maximal ankle joint rotation at four positions, two conditions and two measuring sites.
Forefoot (A) and rearfoot (B) average (± SD) maximal ankle joint rotation during plantarflexion in fixed (filled bars) and free (empty bars) condition, at four (0–9 cm) positions (n = 14). Solid lines indicating significant difference (p<0.05) between positions at fixed condition, and dashed lines indicating significant difference between positions at free condition (p<0.05). *: Indicating significant difference (p<0.05) between conditions (n = 14).
Fig 4.
Root mean square error difference of joint rotation.
Average (mean ± SD) root mean square error difference of the maximum ankle joint rotation, at four different positions (0–9 cm) and two different conditions (fixed = filled bars, free = empty bars). *: Indicates significant difference (p<0.05) between conditions. Solid line: Indicates significant difference (p<0.05) between positions (n = 14).
Table 1.
Average (mean ±SD) values of the foot pressure at rest, forefoot and rearfoot ankle joint angle at rest, knee joint angle at rest and maximum, hip joint angle at rest and maximum, at the four positions (0–9 cm) and two conditions (fixed, free).
Fig 5.
Time normalized ankle joint rotation at four different positions in free condition.
Time normalized average ankle joint angle measured in rearfoot and forefoot measuring sites at four different positions (0–9 cm) and in free condition. For clarity, the standard deviation is not presented (n = 14).
Fig 6.
Time normalized ankle joint rotation at four different positions in fixed condition.
Time normalized average ankle joint angle measured in rearfoot and forefoot measuring sites at four different positions (0–9 cm) and in fixed condition. For clarity, the standard deviation is not presented (n = 14).