Fig 1.
Location of sampling sites of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) in Thailand.
The survey was conducted from October 2018 to July 2019 on 201 cassava fields in Sisaket, Surin, Buriram, Sakaeo, and Prachinburi provinces.
Table 1.
Field spread of CMD in Thailand based on a survey conducted across five provinces.
Table 2.
Proportion of cutting and whitefly-borne infection observed in cassava commercial cultivars in Thailand.
Fig 2.
Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the mtCOI gene (length = 867 bp) of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) collected from Surin (LC579572), Sakaeo (LC579573), and Buriram provinces (LC579574) in Thailand and that of other whitefly species.
Vertical distances are arbitrary. Horizontal distances are proportional to the calculated mutation distances. Numbers at nodes represent percent bootstrap confidence scores (1,000 replicates). The mtCOI gene of B. tabaci collected in this study clustered with that of Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), Mediterranean (MED), New World, Asia 1, China 1, Asia II 7, Asia II 1, Asia II 3, and New World 2 species available in GenBank.
Fig 3.
Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the DNA-A component of the Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) isolate collected from Buriram province (LC586845) and that of other CMV species.
Vertical distances are arbitrary. Horizontal distances are proportional to the calculated mutation distances. Numbers at nodes represent percent bootstrap confidence scores (1,000 replicates). ICMV, Indian cassava mosaic virus; CMMGV, Cassava mosaic Madagascar virus; SACMV, South African cassava mosaic virus; EACMZV, East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus; EACMKV, East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus; EACMCV, East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus; EACMV, East African cassava mosaic virus; EACMMV, East African cassava mosaic Malawi virus.
Fig 4.
Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the DNA-B component of the SLCMV isolate collected from Buriram province (LC588395) and that of other CMV species.
Vertical distances are arbitrary. Horizontal distances are proportional to the calculated mutation distances. Numbers at nodes represent percent bootstrap confidence scores (1,000 replicates). ICMV, Indian cassava mosaic virus; ACMV, African cassava mosaic virus; ACMBFV, African cassava mosaic Burkina Faso virus; EACMCV, East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus; CMMGV, Cassava mosaic Madagascar virus; EACMZV, East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus; EACMMV, East African cassava mosaic Malawi virus; SACMV, South African cassava mosaic virus; EACMV, East African cassava mosaic virus; EACMKV, East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus.