Fig 1.
Link https://www.olink.com/mgh-covid-study/. Modified and used with permission.
Fig 2.
Day 0 plasma ACE2 in COVID-19 positive patients by clinical outcome group and ROC curve.
A. Acuity max group is the maximum acuity score attained within the first 28 days with death being the maximum possible. A1 = Death within 28 days. A2 = Intubated, ventilated, survived to 28 days. A3 = Hospitalized, supplementary O2 required. A4 = Hospitalized, no supplementary O2 required. A5 = Discharged directly from ED and not subsequently hospitalized within 28 days. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Bars indicate median and interquartile range. **** P < 0.0001. B. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve comparing severe outcome groups A1-A2 vs non-severe outcome groups A3-A5 during the 28-day period.
Table 1.
Associations between day 0 plasma ACE2 and maximal acuity within 28 days in COVID-19 positive patients in ordered logistic regression models.
Fig 3.
Plasma ACE2 in hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients segregated by acuity groups A2 (intubated) versus A3-A4 (not intubated).
A. Day 0 plasma ACE2 in hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients by acuity groups A2 (intubated) or A3-A4 (not intubated) for day 0 study window (enrollment plus 24 hours). B. Day 3 plasma ACE2 in hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients by acuity groups A2 versus A3-A4 for day 3 study window. C. Day 7 plasma ACE2 in hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients by acuity groups A2 or A3-A4 for day 7 study window. Acuity categories: A2 = Intubated, ventilated. A3 = Hospitalized, supplementary O2 required. A4 = Hospitalized, no supplementary O2 required. Bars indicate median and interquartile range. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. *** P< 0.001. **** P < 0.0001.
Fig 4.
Plasma ACE2 in COVID-19-positive patients with comorbidities.
A. Plasma ACE2 in COVID-19-positive patients with or without pre-existing hypertension. B. Plasma ACE2 in COVID-19-positive patients with or without pre-existing heart disease (coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, valvular disease). C. Plasma ACE2 in COVID-19-positive patients with or without pre-existing lung disease (asthma, COPD, requiring home O2, any chronic lung condition). D. Plasma ACE2 in COVID-19-positive patients with or without pre-existing kidney disease (chronic kidney disease, baseline creatinine >1.5, ESRD). E. Plasma ACE2 in COVID-19-positive patients with or without pre-existing diabetes (pre-diabetes, insulin and non-insulin dependent diabetes). F. Plasma ACE2 in COVID-19-positive patients with or without pre-existing immunocompromised condition (active cancer, chemotherapy, transplant, immunosuppressant agents, asplenic). Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. Bars indicate median and interquartile range. * P< 0.05. ** P< 0.01. ns = not significant.
Fig 5.
Plasma ACE2 in COVID-19-positive patients in relation to age and BMI.
A. Plasma ACE2 in COVID-19-positive patients by age groups. B. Plasma ACE2 in COVID-19 positive patients by body mass index (BMI) groups. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. *** P< 0.001. ns = not significant.
Fig 6.
Plasma ACE2 and maximal acuity group during the 28-day period in COVID-19 positive and negative patients.
A. Plasma ACE2 and outcome group in COVID-19-positive patients. B. Plasma ACE2 and outcome group in COVID-19 negative patients. The acuity group is the maximum acuity group during the 28-day period with death being the maximum possible. A1 = Death within 28 days. A2 = Intubated, ventilated, survived to 28 days. A3 = Hospitalized, supplementary O2 required. A4 = Hospitalized, no supplementary O2 required. A5 = Discharged directly from ED and not subsequently hospitalized within 28 days. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. Bars indicate median and interquartile range. **** P < 0.0001. ns = not significant.
Table 2.
Associations between day 0 plasma ACE2 and maximal acuity group during the 28-day period (Acuity max) in COVID-19-positive and negative patients in two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).