Table 1.
Patient demographics.
Fig 1.
a. Difference of maximum and minimum of iodine uptake (mg/mL; x-axis) in ground-glass opacification compared to normally aerated lung. Each horizontal line represents one patient (y-axis; order of patients from top to bottom as in Table 2). b. Difference of maximum and minimum of iodine uptake (mg/mL; x-axis) in consolidation compared to normally aerated lung. Each horizontal line represents one patient (y-axis; order of patients from top to bottom as in Table 2).
Table 2.
Overview of measurements of iodine uptake and CT findings.
Fig 2.
Iodine uptake in normally aerated lung and ground-glass opacifications (two different patients, a) and b). Ground-glass opacifications demonstrated a higher iodine density as compared to normally aerated lung.
Fig 3.
Iodine uptake in normally aerated lung and consolidation.
Three reconstructions of the identical slice position, a. MPR in lung window, b. colour-coded PBV MIP with thresholds for tissue recognition set to minimum -100 HU and maximum + 150 HU for visualization of iodine density in consolidation and c. colour-coded PBV MIP with thresholds for tissue recognition set to minimum -960 HU and maximum -600 HU for visualisation of iodine density in normally aerated lung. Parameter settings were separated for this illustration only in order to enable a clear depiction of perfusion differences by optimizing the range of the look-up table to tissue density. Consolidations (arrows) demonstrated a higher iodine density as compared to normally aerated lung (see colour-coding scale).
Fig 4.
Iodine uptake in normally aerated lung and opacifications with and without upstream pulmonary embolism.
Four reconstructions of the identical slice position, a. MPR in lung window, b. MPR in soft tissue window, c. colour-coded PBV MIP with thresholds for tissue recognition set to minimum -960 HU and maximum -400 HU for visualisation of iodine density in normally aerated lung and GGO and d. colour-coded PBV MIP with thresholds for tissue recognition set to minimum -100 HU and maximum +150 HU for visualization of iodine density in consolidation. Parameter settings were separated for this illustration only in order to enable a clear depiction of perfusion differences by optimizing the range of the look-up table to tissue density. Extensive diffuse GGO is present. Several consolidations are seen in the posterior segments of both lower lobes. Subsegmental pulmonary embolism is identified in the right lower lobe (arrowhead). Iodine density of lung tissue downstream of PE (bold arrows) is decreased while iodine uptake in GGO and in particular in consolidations (thin arrows) without upstream PE is increased compared to normally aerated lung (see colour- coding scale).
Fig 5.
Iodine uptake (mg/mL) of normally aerated lung (estimated mean: 1.22; 95%-CI: 0.95–1.49), areas of ground-glass opacification (estimated mean: 1.77; 95%-CI: 1.52–2.02), and consolidation (estimated mean: 1.82; 95%-CI: 1.56–2.08) without upstream pulmonary embolism.
Table 3.
Iodine uptake of opacifications compared to normally aerated lung.
Fig 6.
Iodine uptake (mg/mL) of normally aerated lung (estimated mean: 1.22; 95%-CI: 0.95–1.49), areas of ground-glass opacification without and with vessel enlargement (estimated mean: 1.15; 95%-CI: 0.79–1.15; and 2.01; 95%-CI: 1.74–2.28, respectively), and areas of consolidation without and with vessel enlargement (estimated mean: 1.21; 95%-CI: 0.90–1.53; and 2.28; 95%-CI: 1.98–2.57, respectively).