Fig 1.
SDS-PAGE analysis of SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike-specific IgY carried out under reducing conditions.
Lanes 4–7 show IgY extracted from yolks at indicated time intervals; lanes 8–10 show IgY in serum at Week 4; “A” and “B” indicate serum from each hen. IgY heavy and light chains show characteristic bands at 65 and 27 kDa, respectively. “Control” indicates material from unimmunized hens.
Fig 2.
Titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike IgY in egg yolks over time.
Eggs were collected from immunized hens weekly over 6 weeks following the first immunization and analyzed by ELISA against the S1 antigen. Stars indicate dates of immunization injections.
Fig 3.
Box and whisker plots of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S1) Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) percent binding to angiotensin converting enzyme-2 protein in a cell-free system.
Relative binding proportion (Y-axis) was determined by the kit-provided standard binding inhibitor. Boxes represent interquartile range (IQR) with median shown as center bar of each sample group. Whiskers represent 1.5 times the IQR. P-value, by two-sample t-test method, and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using R software package EnvStats (v.2.3.1). [19] Undiluted (16.8 mg/ml), and logarithmic dilutions (1.68, 0.168, and 0.0168 mg/ml) are shown. Coral, control IgY, teal, anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein IgY.
Fig 4.
Box and whisker plots of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S1) percent binding to angiotensin converting enzyme-2 protein in a cell-free system.
Relative binding proportion (Y-axis) was determined by the kit-provided standard binding inhibitor. Boxes represent interquartile range (IQR) with median shown as center bar of each sample group. Whiskers represent 1.5 times the IQR. P-value, by two-sample t-test method, and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using R software package EnvStats (v.2.3.1) [19]. Undiluted (16.8 mg/ml), and logarithmic dilutions (1.68, 0.168, and 0.0168 mg/ml) are shown. Coral, control IgY, teal, anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein IgY.
Fig 5.
Box and whisker plots of SARS-CoV-2 viral replication patterns in vitro.
Boxes represent interquartile range (IQR) with median shown as center bar of each sample group. Whiskers represent 1.5 times the IQR. P-value, by two-sample t-test method, and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using R software package EnvStats (v.2.3.1) (Millard, 2013). Undiluted (16.8 mg/ml), and logarithmic dilutions (1.68, 0.168, and 0.0168 mg/ml) are shown. P-values less than 0.05 are shown. Coral, control IgY; gold, undiluted S1 IgY; green, S1 IgY diluted at 1:10; blue, S1 IgY diluted at 1:100; purple, S1 IgY diluted at 1:1000.