Table 1.
Therapy grouping method for primary and secondary analyses.
Fig 1.
PRISMA flow chart.
Fig 2.
Note: BP = blood product; BPcombo = blood product combination therapy; Botox = botulinum toxin; CS = corticosteroid; CScombo = corticosteroid combination therapy; HA = hyaluronic acid; Noninj = non-injections; Pcb = placebo; Prolo = prolotherapy; Prolocombo = prolotherapy combination therapy. The size of the node corresponds to the number of participants assigned to the intervention while thickness of the connecting line corresponds to the number of the studies included.
Fig 3.
Interval plot of treatment efficacy relative to placebo.
Note: BP = blood product; BPcombo = blood product combination therapy; Botox = botulinum toxin; CS = corticosteroid; CScombo = corticosteroid combination therapy; HA = hyaluronic acid; Noninj = non-injections; Pcb = placebo; Prolo = prolotherapy.
Fig 4.
Risk of bias of individual study.
Fig 5.
Note: BP = blood product; BPcombo = blood product combination therapy; Botox = botulinum toxin; CS = corticosteroid; CScombo = corticosteroid combination therapy; HA = hyaluronic acid; Noninj = non-injections; Pcb = placebo; Prolo = prolotherapy.