Fig 1.
Stress distribution of a) Non-composite section and b) Composite section (Kovach and Naito [27]).
Fig 2.
“Push-off” specimen a) Schematic of reinforcement details, and b) Actual reinforcement.
Fig 3.
“Push-off” test setup: a) Schematic drawing, and b) Experimental set-up.
Fig 4.
Surface textures of the top surface of the concrete base: a) schematics and b) actual surfaces.
Fig 5.
Surface roughness profile at the top surface of the concrete base.
Fig 6.
FE models for the composite concrete-to-concrete specimens with various interface types.
Fig 7.
Evolution of the boundary conditions to simulate the loading sequence.
Table 1.
Interface properties for the composite concrete.
Table 2.
Finite element mesh densities for all models.
Fig 8.
Horizontal load–interface slip relationship under various normal stresses: σn = (a) 0 N/mm2, (b) 0.5 N/mm2, (c) 1.0 N/mm2, and (d) 1.5 N/mm2.
Fig 9.
Peak shear loads of various interfacial conditions under different normal stresses.
Table 3.
Interface shear strength from the experimental and modeled results.
Fig 10.
Failure mode at the interface regions.
Fig 11.
Interface shear stress (i) evolution relationship and (ii) distribution at peak shear load.